战争的悖论

课程概况

战争悖论教育我们战争不仅是人类存在的一部分正常活动，它还是备受争论的几大重要社会形成因素之一。通过本课程，希望大家能够认识到战争既是人类情感与交流共通的自然展现，也是使我们凝聚成群的基本要素。也就是说，战争是我们自身最基本的动物本性的体现，也是对我们最吹捧和珍惜的文明美德的标榜，二者之间是自相矛盾的。

本课程中，学生将学习一些基本的军事史和社会学知识，透过这些内容可以发现更多与战争有关的社会话题和问题。我们希望学生能把战争这门课程学好，更重要的是，能结合所学去理解每天都接触的社会。例如，有关战争与性别的讨论可以让你联想到世人如何将期望寄托于男子身上，有关民族主义的讨论会让你清楚认识到简单的“我们-他们”二分法是如何建立起来并被人使用（滥用）的。

课程中会提供一些阅读材料，帮助学生查漏补缺，另外还将分配一些活动任务，通过这些活动，学生可将课程中所学的理论观点运用到日常生活的观察中。课程结束时，您将看到战争无处不在，您也将明白战争与我们的日常生活到底有何渊源。

The Paradoxes of War teaches us to understand that war is not only a normal part of human existence, but is arguably one of the most important factors in making us who we are. Through this course, I hope that you will come to appreciate that war is both a natural expression of common human emotions and interactions and a constitutive part of how we cohere as groups. That is, war is paradoxically an expression of our basest animal nature and the exemplar of our most vaunted and valued civilized virtues. You will learn some basic military history and sociology in this course as a lens for the more important purpose of seeing the broader social themes and issues related to war. I want you to both learn about war, but more importantly, use it as way of understanding your everyday social world. So, for example, the discussion of war and gender will serve to start you thinking about how expectations of masculinity are created and our discussion of nationalism will make clear how easy “us-them” dichotomies can be established and (ab)used. I will suggest some readings for you to complement the class and assign some activities through which you will be able to apply the theoretical insights from the course to your observations of everyday life. At the end of the course, you will start to see war everywhere and come to appreciate how much it defines our life.

All the features of this course are available for free. It does not offer a certificate upon completion.

课程大纲

周1
完成时间为 17 分钟
Introduction/Welcome
The basic paradoxes of war: how it builds and destroys, produces love and hate are discussed. Outline of course and general expectations.
1 个视频 （总计 7 分钟）, 1 个阅读材料

周2
完成时间为 1 小时
The Nature of War
War is a product of both “natural” instincts and a social creation involving the imposition of organization and authority structures.
5 个视频 （总计 44 分钟）

周3
完成时间为 1 小时
The Causes of War
Causes of war may be described as material, cultural, and psychological. At the heart of war is the product of us-them dynamics.
5 个视频 （总计 40 分钟）

周4
完成时间为 1 小时
The Experience of War
In order to understand the social creation of war we need to appreciate that this is an activity VERY few would engage in with control or
inducement.
7 个视频 （总计 52 分钟）

周5
完成时间为 1 小时
Making Warriors
Warriors are taught a set of values of which duty and honor are fundamental. These are taught through the imposition of discipline.
7 个视频 （总计 31 分钟）

周6
完成时间为 1 小时
The War of Armies
Wars are about organized violence and this part of the course traces the managerial and technological developments necessary to culminate
in total wars.
7 个视频 （总计 60 分钟）

周7
完成时间为 3 小时
The Progress of Battle
Historical overview of battle formations from phalanx to gunpowder revolution to industrialized war.
7 个视频 （总计 45 分钟）, 1 个测验

周8
完成时间为 2 小时
The War of Societies
Wars can also be about societal survival and we look at three examples: conquest, genocide, and strategic bombing.
8 个视频 （总计 98 分钟）

周9
完成时间为 1 小时
Social Aspects of War: Nation State and Nationalism
Wars help build states and nationalism
4 个视频 （总计 52 分钟）

周10
完成时间为 1 小时
Social Aspects of War: Democracy, Citizenship, and Social Equality
Wars also develop citizenship and democratic demands
5 个视频 （总计 77 分钟）

周11
完成时间为 1 小时
The Rise of the Rest
While the West was dominant for 500 years, beginning in 1945 new forms of war have challenged the technological and organizational
supremacy of old empires.
5 个视频 （总计 88 分钟）

周12
完成时间为 1 小时
New Challenges
Wars are not fought as they were yet militaries are still organized anachronistically.
4 个视频 （总计 57 分钟）

周13
完成时间为 2 小时
Final Lecture
Summary of the class.

预备知识

没有学历背景要求

参考资料

修西德底斯著， 《伯罗奔尼撒战争》(第1册，2.1、2.2-6、2.7-24、2.34-46、2.47-54、2.59-65、2.71-78、3.20-24、3.35-50、3.52-68、3.81-84、4.3-4.41、4.46-484、4.90-101、4.117-11、5.6-11、5.14-24、5.25-26、5.42-48、5.76-83、5.85-116、第6册和第7册)
荷马著，《伊利亚特》(1、3、7、9、24册)
维吉尔著，《埃涅伊德》(2、4册)
托马斯·E·里克斯著，《塑造军队》
E·B·斯莱奇著，《与老兵同在》(1-4、10-15章节)
约翰·基根，《战争面前》(2-4章节)
US 格兰特，《回忆录》(21-22、24-25、30-31、33-37、39、42-44、49-51、55-57、59、62、65、67-68章节)
迈克尔·戈丁著，《朝霞》(1、2、6、7章节、结语)
雷维尔·内茨著，《刺铁丝网》(第三部分)
维克多·戴维斯·汉森著，《大屠杀与文明》(1、6、8、10章节、编后记)
弗朗茨·法农著， 《全世界受苦的人》(“暴力、殖民战争与精神”篇、结尾篇)
基斯·劳著，《野蛮的陆地》，第一部分（全部）(8-10、18-20、22-24章节)
伊恩·布鲁玛著，《元年》